Developing a dual-wavelength full-waveform terrestrial laser scanner to characterize forest canopy structure

Calibration of a Terrestrial Full Waveform Laser Scanner

Recent advances in Light Detection And Ranging (LiDAR) enable digital acquisition and storage of the entire waveform of backscattered laser pulse energy. Pre-requisites for extracting target radiometric and geometric properties via waveform analysis include defining a model for accurately determining peaks in the return energy waveform and a method for transforming waveform peak amplitudes to a...

Radiometric Calibration of a Dual-Wavelength, Full-Waveform Terrestrial Lidar

Radiometric calibration of the Dual-Wavelength Echidna(®) Lidar (DWEL), a full-waveform terrestrial laser scanner with two simultaneously-pulsing infrared lasers at 1064 nm and 1548 nm, provides accurate dual-wavelength apparent reflectance (ρ(app)), a physically-defined value that is related to the radiative and structural characteristics of scanned targets and independent of range and instrum...

Robust characterization of forest canopy structure types using full-waveform airborne laser scanning

Three-dimensional forest canopy structure from terrestrial laser scanning

A terrestrial laser scanner was used to measure the three-dimensional structure of forest stands in the Swiss National Park, eastern Switzerland. Spatially coincident hemispherical photographs were taken at each sampling point and the position of each point was determined using differential GPS. A scanner model was derived in order to determine the expected number of laser shots in all directio...

Radiometric calibration of a dual-wavelength terrestrial laser scanner using neural networks

The Salford Advanced Laser Canopy Analyser (SALCA) is a unique dual-wavelength full-waveform terrestrial laser scanner (TLS) designed to measure forest canopies. This article has two principle objectives, first to present the detailed analysis of the radiometric properties of the SALCA instrument, and second, to propose a novel method to calibrate the recorded intensity to apparent reflectance ...